Ever wondered how a cockroach's body works? Or do these little creatures repulse you enough to make you want to obliterate them from existence? Perhaps learning more about these insects and studying their physiological structure and functions might help in finding methods for controlling and getting rid of these pests.
Most people are able to recognize a cockroach even when they're scurrying along from a distant. The sight of their blackish, brownish flattened body and long, prominent antennae is enough to send a human being shrieking and screaming 'cockroach alert'! Adding to the 'squirm factor', when encountering a male cockroach, you may notice some that have wings that barely allow them to fly, even though some do try!
The head of the cockroach is where it's eyes, mouthparts and antennae are, as well as it's brains. As important as the head may seem, a cockroach is able to surprisingly live for over a week without its head! This is because, most of its nervous system function occurs in nerve ganglia which is found all throughout its body. Besides that, the roach doesn't breathe through its nose or mouth, but rather it breathes in air through the holes in their sides called spiracles. The air then travels through tubes called tracheae, which feeds the organs and tissues with oxygen. You may not be able to suffocate a headless cockroach but once it has lost its head, it will eventually die from lack of water, their most treasured substance.
Cockroaches are able feel and smell using their long, movable antennae, which are made out of many tiny hair-covered segments. An experiment conducted by Makoto Mizunami and Hidehiro Watanabe of Tohoku University took advantage of the cockroaches' obsession with sugar to test their sense of smell via their antennae and to observe their responses. The experiment showed that their minuscule brains were able to remember and associate, through the sense of smell and respond, just like dogs and humans, by salivating.
Cockroaches may have a very limited eyesight but they are extremely sensitive to changes and movements in light and also to sound waves, which they detect through sensory hairs located at their tail, the lower part of their abdomen. A nerve inside of the cockroach helps its sensory organs detect a movement that is less than a millionth of a millimetre - a fraction of a hair's-breadth! This explains how these little creatures can scuttle away at such a high speed when you even come close to it, let alone try to catch and squash them. Perhaps there ought to be a capturing device that can move discreetly at a speed higher than those roaches!
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